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PM₁₀ emissions from industrial coal-fired chain-grate boilers

Xinghua Li, Junzan Han, Lei Duan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0966-y

摘要： Industrial coal-fired boiler is an important air pollutant emission source in China. The chain-grate boiler is the most extensively used type of industrial coal-fired boiler. An electrical low-pressure impactor, and a Dekati Low Pressure Impactor were applied to determine mass and number size distributions of PM at the inlet and the outlet of the particulate emission control devices at six coal-fired chain-grate boilers. The mass size distribution of PM generated from coal-fired chain-grate boilers generally displays a bimodal distribution that contains a submicron mode and a coarse mode. The PM in the submicron mode for burning with raw coal contributes to 33%±10 % of PM emissions, much higher than those for pulverized boilers. And the PM in the submicron mode for burning with briquette contributes up to 86 % of PM emissions. Multiclones and scrubbers are not efficient for controlling PM emission. Their average collection efficiencies for sub-micron particle and super-micron particle are 34% and 78%, respectively. Operating conditions of industrial steam boilers have influence on PM generation. Peak of the submicron mode during normal operation period is larger than the start-up period.

关键词： coal-fired chain-grate boiler PM₁₀ size distribution particulate emission control devices size-dependent collection efficiency

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大气悬浮颗粒PM₁₀对感烟火灾探测器本底效应研究

谢启源,袁宏永,蒋亚龙

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 84-87

摘要：

针对大气污染引起的悬浮颗粒,尤其是可吸入颗粒（PM₁₀）对感烟火灾探测器产生的本底效应进行了分析，并以离子型感烟探测器为例对本底值进行计算，通过比较，显示不同程度的大气颗粒物污染对感烟探测器本底影响的差异极小

关键词：悬浮颗粒火灾探测本底效应

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Airborne bacteria associated with particulate matter from a highly urbanised metropolis: A potential risk to the population’s health

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1552-5

摘要：

• The airborne bacteria of Mexico City are representative of urban environments.

关键词： Airborne bacteria Urbanisation PM₁₀ Mexico City Microbiome

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An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 288-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0738-x

摘要： As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated (GB3095-2012), which set a stricter grade II PM standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated on human health in China. The key results are: 1) The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, accounting for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2) the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3) the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PM improves. If the annual concentration of PM were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

关键词： air quality health benefit Ambient Air Quality Standard PM₁₀ China

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一种融合多特征聚类与神经网络的PM_2.5小时浓度预测新模型及其在中国城市的应用 Article

刘辉, 龙治豪, 段铸, 施惠鹏

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 944-956 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.009

摘要：

PM_2.5浓度预测对空气污染物早期预警具有重要意义。本文提出一种改进的PM_2.5浓度多步预测模型，即多特征聚类分解(MCD)-回声状态网络(ESN)-粒子群优化(PSO)混合模型。该模型包括分解预测部分和优化预测部分。在MCD方法中，采用RSAR算法选择重要的空气污染物变量，使用KC算法对所得变量进行聚类，利用EWT算法将PM_2.5浓度序列的聚类结果分解为多个子层。利用我国4个不同城市的真实PM_2.5浓度数据，验证了所提出模型的有效性。实验结果表明，所提出预测模型适用于PM_2.5浓度的多步高精度预测，具有比基准模型更优的预测性能。

关键词： PM_2.52.5浓度预测 PM_2.52.5浓度聚类经验小波分解多步预测

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Diverse bacterial populations of PM in urban and suburb Shanghai, China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1329-7

摘要：

• Urban aerosols harbour diverse bacterial communities in Shanghai.

关键词： PM_2.5 Bacteria 16S rRNA SEM analysis Shanghai City

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Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 240-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0936-z

摘要： Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

关键词： glioma progression molecular classification EM/PM subtyping intratumor heterogeneity

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Temporal variation of PM-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang, Hebei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1376-0

摘要：

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017.

关键词： PM_2.5 Health effects Integrated exposure-response model Shijiazhuang

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抗白粉病基因 Pm40 在我国“后 Pm21 时代”小麦育种中的重要作用 Perspective

唐圣雯,胡玉亭,钟胜福,罗培高

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

摘要： 20 世纪80 年代，通过簇毛麦（Heuchera villosa）的6VS 染色体与小麦6AL 染色体易位将抗白粉病基因Pm21 转移到普通小麦中。最近，在一些地方发现了对Pm21 有毒的Bgt，虽然这些菌株的病理学特性还有待研究，但这一现象提醒小麦育种者应注意应用Pm21 的风险。通过细胞学研究，并未在Pm40 的载体品种中发现大片段外缘染色体。过去几年的研究发现，Pm40 的载体品种具有优良的农艺性状。因此，我们相信在未来的育种工程中，Pm40 将会在Pm21 的抗性被克服之后起巨大的作用。另外，Pm21 和Pm40 都来源于外缘物种，这暗示着外源基因的抗性可能比小麦本身的基因更为持久和有效。

关键词：小麦白粉病 Pm21 Pm40 外源基因内源抗性

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Dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 deficiency causes primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans and mice

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 957-971 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0988-8

摘要： Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a congenital, motile ciliopathy with pleiotropic symptoms. Although nearly 50 causative genes have been identified, they only account for approximately 70% of definitive PCD cases. Dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 (DNAH10) encodes a subunit of the inner arm dynein heavy chain in motile cilia and sperm flagella. Based on the common axoneme structure of motile cilia and sperm flagella, DNAH10 variants are likely to cause PCD. Using exome sequencing, we identified a novel DNAH10 homozygous variant (c.589C > T, p.R197W) in a patient with PCD from a consanguineous family. The patient manifested sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and asthenoteratozoospermia. Immunostaining analysis showed the absence of DNAH10 and DNALI1 in the respiratory cilia, and transmission electron microscopy revealed strikingly disordered axoneme 9+2 architecture and inner dynein arm defects in the respiratory cilia and sperm flagella. Subsequently, animal models of Dnah10-knockin mice harboring missense variants and Dnah10-knockout mice recapitulated the phenotypes of PCD, including chronic respiratory infection, male infertility, and hydrocephalus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report DNAH10 deficiency related to PCD in human and mouse models, which suggests that DNAH10 recessive mutation is causative of PCD.

关键词： DNAH10 mice motile cilia mutation primary ciliary dyskinesia

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Innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 in cancers: mining of comprehensive omics data and validation in patient

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 596-609 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0868-z

摘要： Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) is a member of innate immune checkpoints that inhibits the activation of immune cells through the interaction with its ligand CD24 on tumor cells. Here, by analyzing public databases containing 64 517 patients of 33 cancer types, we found that the expression of Siglec10 was altered in 18 types of cancers and was associated with the clinical outcomes of 11 cancer types. In particular, Siglec10 was upregulated in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and was inversely associated with the prognosis of the patients. In 131 KIRC patients of our settings, Siglec10 was elevated in the tumor tissues of 83 (63.4%) patients compared with that in their counterpart normal kidney tissues. Moreover, higher level of Siglec10 was associated with advanced disease (stages III and IV) and worse prognosis. Silencing of CD24 in KIRC cells significantly increased the number of Siglec10-expressing macrophages phagocytosing KIRC cells. In addition, luciferase activity assays suggested that Siglec10 was a potential target of the transcription factors c-FOS and GATA1, which were identified by data mining. These results demonstrate that Siglec10 may have important oncogenic functions in KIRC, and represents a novel target for the development of immunotherapies.

关键词： innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 kidney renal clear cell carcinoma

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Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要：

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics PM_2.5 Source apportionment

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The most influential “Top 10 Events” in carbon neutrality and climate change in 2022

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0869-5

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Effect of IL-10 on formation of foam cell induced by ox-LDL

WANG Fei, DAI Yalei, XU Ting, XU Bo, WANG Kaifeng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 298-302 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0057-3

摘要： Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that causes various cardiovascular complications. It has been realized that cellular and humoral immunity plays crucial roles in atherogenic lesion formation. In this study the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the formation of foam cells during the early stages of atherosclerosis have been investigated. Macrophage was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment on THP-1 cells. The cells were further stimulated by ox-LDL, ox-LDL plus LPS, ox-LDL plus IL-10 and LPS. By using an oil red O staining technique, the formation of foam cells was evaluated by lipid granules formation in the cells. The ratio of foam cell formation was increased from (9.77 ± 1.70)% to (16.27 ± 2.27)% after 24 h stimulation with ox-LDL, and the increase was observed with incubating time. The foam cells were significantly increased in the presence of LPS in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum increase of about 40% was observed. However, the significant elevation by LPS was abrogated when IL-10 was added. These results indicated that IL-10 can effectively prevent the formation of foam cells induced by ox-LDL with or without LPS. This study demonstrates that ox-LDL can cause foam cell formation from macrophages . LPS can significantly accelerate this event. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, can inhibit the effect of ox-LDL and LPS. These results indicate that inflammatory effects in blood vessels can speed up foam cell formation. The inhibitive effect of IL-10 is an important factor for delaying atherosclerosis processes.

关键词： inflammatory presence interleukin-10 dose-dependent ox-LDL